如何产生无油真空以及如何处理泵中的烃蒸汽
回流的蒸汽泵流体、油蒸汽、旋转泵润滑剂及其裂解产物会严重干扰真空中的各种工艺。因此,建议对某些应用使用能够可靠地除去烃蒸汽的真空泵和设备。
烃指碳和氢形成的化合物,是石油和天然气等日常燃料的基础。从泵中除去这些烃最终能降低运营和维护成本。可通过多种方法来除去烃蒸气。有些类型的泵更适合完成此过程,这意味着在选择泵类型时必须考虑以下因素。
粗真空区 (1013 - 1 mbar)
中真空区 (1 - 10-3 mbar)
若要在该压力区域中抽大量气体,目前为止最适合使用的就是蒸汽喷射泵。使用汞蒸汽喷射泵,可以产生完全无油的真空。作为预防措施,建议装入一个由液氮冷冻的冷阱,以防止有害的汞蒸气进入容器。使用 a) 中所述的中真空吸附阱,双级旋片泵可产生压力低至 10-4 mbar 以下且几乎无油的真空。
使用吸附泵,可在中真空区域产生绝对无油的真空。因为这些泵对小分子惰性气体的抽取作用很有限,所以,最初充满空气的容器只能通过此类泵被抽至大约 10-2 mbar。仅当待抽的气体混合物中不存在氖气或氦气时,吸附泵才能产生 10-3 mbar 或更低的压力。在这种情况下,可以先用氮气置换出容器内的空气,然后再将氮气抽出容器。
高真空区和超高真空区 (< 10-3 mbar)
Fundamentals of Vacuum Technology
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References
- Vacuum symbols
- Glossary of units
- References and sources
Vacuum symbols
Vacuum symbols
A glossary of symbols commonly used in vacuum technology diagrams as a visual representation of pump types and parts in pumping systems
Glossary of units
Glossary of units
An overview of measurement units used in vacuum technology and what the symbols stand for, as well as the modern equivalents of historical units
References and sources
References and sources
References, sources and further reading related to the fundamental knowledge of vacuum technology
Vacuum symbols
A glossary of symbols commonly used in vacuum technology diagrams as a visual representation of pump types and parts in pumping systems
Glossary of units
An overview of measurement units used in vacuum technology and what the symbols stand for, as well as the modern equivalents of historical units
References and sources
References, sources and further reading related to the fundamental knowledge of vacuum technology